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Using a VPN is a terrific way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get past the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or similar hack is different, it will become a goal, a decoration for the poor guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

All the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no back door, and that is as it ought to be. It will mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. The other creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each the files you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, a few products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each one of those products to get a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to offer safe deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the products gathered here support AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in visit reverse, you can make an electronic signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it is all of the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.